The first of the number of Old Faith bespopovskikh communities became the famous Vygovskaya of deserts, emergent at the end XVIII v. in the northeastern part Of prionezh'ya. In of first third XVIII v. the vygovskiy monastery reached the peak of its bloom. The stressed literary- creative work of the leaders of community contributed so that Vyg became the acknowledged center of bespopovshchiny of Russia. Among the best writers of this center first of all it is necessary to name the names of Andrey and Simeon denisovykh, Trifon Petrov, Manuel Petrov, Ivan filippov, Danil Matveyev et al. Andrey denisov Vtorushin (1674-1730) - founder and the first director Of the vygovskeyeo monastery, was the very fruitful author, whose literary heritage comprises more than 100 works. Transactions A. Denisova are divided into two groups, one of which can be defined as the compositions of business written language, another - strictly literary compositions. The first group includes the works of polemical nature, the addressed to both the representatives orthodox churches and to old believers of other senses ("meeting briefly about bratse...", "meeting about the inscription of the life-giving cross", "destruction to the reasons of the present of uchteley", the messages to fedoseyevtsam, the regulations, the ranks and the rules for Vygo-Leksinskogo obshchezhitel'stva, etc.). The most known work of this group are famous "seacoast answers". It is known that A. Denisov as early as 1716-1719 it participated in the work on "d'yakonovskimi answers", the become prototype answers of "seacoast". Creation of the book "answers of pustynnozhiteley to questions iyeromonakha of neophyte" (1723 g.) it was required in connection with the appearance in The olonetskom district of the missionary, who assigned to Old-Believers 106 questions for the future debate. To the questions it was applied "fairy tale", which forces in a short time to write answers and to appear to Petrovskiys plants for the interview. However, the value of the book, comprised by Old-Believers far left beyond the framework proposed. In the gigantic composition, above which besides A. Denisova worked many other authors, the main points of Old Faith study were formulated. Here in detail are investigated questions about the old and new bogosluzhebnykh books, about the ritual differences, about the problems of dogmatic nature. In the division, which contains the critical selection of false "cathedral act to the heretic of Martin armyanin" and Feognostova of prayer book, A. Denisov its assistants showed the excellent possession of the receptions of paleography, historical and philological criticism of sources. "seacoast answers" were radiated on Russia in large quantities of lists, after becoming the "table" book for the old believers -bespopovqev. Strictly, literary compositions A. Denisova, built on the required application of rules of rhetoric, consist of solemn words and messages of sermonizing nature (word to the transformation, to Christmas Christ's, for the memory of Zosims and Savati solovetskikh, "word about the prayer", the "word about repentance" , etc.). Creation A. Denisova played the most important role in the formation of vygovskogo literary center. Entire further vygovskaya literature, which existed to the middle THE XIX century, was oriented toward the style of this writer.
From the number of the best associates and students Of denisova, it is possible to name, for example, Peter prokopiyeva (1673-1719) - one of the authors of "seacoast answers", which was become famous by the composition of the "seacoast regulations", by which pomortsy to this day are guided with the sending of services. It was also the author of treatise "about different deaths", where it justified the idea of martyr death and large quantity of edifying messages. The junior brother Andrey semen (1682-1741) was the author more than 40 compositions. From them the greatest reputation obtained "grapes Russian", in which was contained "praiseworthy canto to all wonder-workers and by saint, who brightened in the Russian state" and "history against ottsekh and stradal'tsekh of solovetskikh". In the "histories..." was described the siege Of the solovetskeyeo monastery and the reasons, which impelled tsarist government in to destruction to abode. The book very soon became extremely popular in all Old Faith agreements and it were radiated in the enormous a quantity of lists (in such cases of facial). The seeds Of denisov he is the author of messages to "rough fedosiyanam" and a large quantity of "uchitel'nykh" words.
Trifon Petrov (1670-1766) - one more of the nearest assistants A. Denisova on the composition of "seacoast answers". To its feather belonged numerous compositions in the prose and the verses, in number of which "explanation about the heretical secrets of baptism and khirotonii", "about the cross and dvuchastnom Latin kryzhe", sermon to holidays, etc.
Daniel Matveyev (1687-1776) was the author of several messages, polemical answer to fedoseyevtsam, extensive composition against the antistaroobryadchekikh books "tablet", the "baton of the administration" of Simeon polotskogo, "uveta of Afanasy kholmogorskogo's spiritual". Continuing traditions A. Denisova, D. Matveyev wrote a number of sepulchral words (according to the rules of rhetoric): To Daniel vikulin, To semenu To denisovu , etc. Ivan Philipp (1661-1744) wrote several solemn "words" (To a. denisov, to the teachers Of vygovskoy desert). It is possible that to Ivan filippov's feather belonged the "confession", whose authorship tradition assigns to Ivan akindinov. Authentic glory I. To filippovu the composition of "touching, clear and by the curiosity of the lit up complete history of vygovskoy kinovii".
Generally, it is necessary to note that within the framework of vygovskoy literary school it was made the attempts to manufacture and to theoretically base the clearly formulated historical diagram. Were here created the unique "cycles" of compositions in the outstanding workers Vyga. To each of them were devoted several works different in the genres, from totality of which appeared the generalized means of concrete person. Information about it was included in Vygo-Leksinskiy chronicler, was written chapter into the "history Of vygovskoy Old Faith desert", to certain were devoted zhitiynogo type compositions. The significant problem, to which the representatives of vygovskogo literary center dedicated numerous works, was the development of eschatological theories. In 1724 Spiridon Ivanov in the composition "message to Peter larionovich, To mikhayle to Ivanovich, to Vasiliy kuzmich, to Gabriel Ivanovich" briefly repeated views and conclusions A. Denisova. This work most likely was created in contrast other on Vyge asserted point of view to a question about the relation to the authority. The tradition of negative relation to the power of the state in pomortsev already in the beginning 1720- X yr. came into conflict with the conciliating line of the leaders Of vygovskogo obshchezhitel'stva. Pomorshchina gradually was converted into the moderate direction of Russian Old Faith. as striking evidence serves the composition of Mikhail vyshatin (1667-1732)"beads precious" (1729). In which is presented the theory of sensual antichrist. The author denies the main thesis of previous seacoast writers about the taken place offensive of last times. From the synodal point of view views M. Vyshatina are characterized by the fact that it nevertheless expects the fast phenomenon of antichrist into the peace.
In 1745 of pomorets Gabriel semenov ukraintsev it is written composition "Question- reciprocal razglagol'stvo by the faith of latynyanina of bregadira Of beera z by zavotskim inhabitant Ukraintsevym", where it presented the eschatological theory, which at that time supported vygovtsy. It is remarkable, that developing the ideas of the works of A. Denisova "about the antichrist" and To "gogu and To magogu", Ukrainians draws absolutely opposite to the ultimate source conclusions. The offensive of last times it connected not with the reigning sovereign, but with patriarch Nikon, thus decreasing the anti-monarchist incandescence of study. In the beginning THE XVIII century in the Pskov and Novgorod provinces was formed the agreement of fedosevtsev, founder of which became the monk Dionysus (Theodosius Vasil'yev) (1661-1711). Main difference from pomortsev was the study about the marriage (fedoseyevtsy, in contrast to staropomortsev-danilovtsev they recognized the marriages, the prisoners to the connection to the agreement). Furthermore, fedoseyevtsy for long assumed the "tilde pilatovo" on the crucifix, and also otmalivali purchase products prayer For isusovoy. Specifically, to these problems are dedicated the basic compositions of Theodosius, addressed to Andrey denisov. Furthermore, Theodosius wrote a number of "clear and ardent" of messages about the improvement of church, about its protection from the enemies of piety, about the spiritual cleanliness and the morals.
Later in dispute because of the inscription of "tilde" were included other followers of agreement. Ignatius Trofimov (1674-1671) from the Pskov province argued not only with vygovskimi pomortsami, but also with the representative of kerzhenskikh popovtsev Matvei Andreev. In his works Ignatius defended the correctness of tracing pilatova of tilde ("INQ.I") and refuted the study of popovtsev about the bows and kazhdenii.
Famous "pastor and the teacher of Novgorod fedosiyan" Aleksey Samoilov (1691-1771) composed whole "apology" about the "tilde". Besides this to his feather belonged a number of dogmatic compositions "sword spiritual" (about blagodatnosti of starobryadcheskoy church), "vozbrannik of zabluzhdayushchkhsya in the truth" (against the self-immolations), about perstoslozhenii, alliluiye, im. Christ, the sacrament of baptism , etc.