Had long ago been formed the opinion that in the development of Old Faith book- manuscript tradition "THE XIX century does not present anything important in a qualitative respect: quantitatively Old Faith literature grows extremely widely, but its works are variations on the old themes... " In our view this assertion is doubtful, but conclusions about "qualitative poverty" do not correspond to reality. Reason in the fact that the history of the Old Faith of middle XIX- beginning OF THE XX of substances up to our days did not draw the attention of the specialists: not only there are no serious generalizing it is working, but even works, dedicated to the separate aspects of theme are calculated by ones.
Probably, the weak mastery of a question is connected, among other things with the fact that the Old Faith motion of second-half XIX- beginning OF THE XX of substances almost completely went away from the forms of social protest. The activity of old believers was directed, in essence, toward the solution of the internal problems: interrelation between the agreements, relation to the official church, dogmatic disputes , etc.
However, even quick overview of Old Faith bookishness of that time shows that the manuscript tradition not only preserved the majority of old genres and monuments, but also it were enriched by new, very interesting. Staroveriye advanced from its it was series remarkable writers, historians, bibliographers. Among the most known names let us name Hilarion kononova (Ksenos), Anisima Of shvetsov (Arseni ural'skiy), Ivan Usov (Innocent nizhegorodskiy), in. M. Karlowicz, P. M. Bezvodina, D. In. Batov, In. Z. Yaksanova, T. A. Khudoshina, In. And. Makarov , etc.
Significant place in the Old Faith literature of second-half XIX- beginning OF THE XX of substances occupied controversy between the representatives Of belokrinitskoy hierarchy (Austrians) and bespopovtsami of all agreements. Austrian agreement officially arose in 1846, when the find on the rest Greek metropolitan Amvrosiy switched over to old believers. After being based in the monastery in g. white Krinitsa (Austria-Hungary) this bishop in one-and-a-half years it knew how to place to Old-Believers of approximately ten of priests and several bishops. In 1853 archbishop moskovskiy becomes Antonius (Andrey shutov), who unrolled in Russia dynamism (in particular, them it was rukopolozheno in the bishops of 6 people).

Austrian agreement swiftly enlarged its influence, to what several contributed energetic propaganda. One of the brightest representatives of the new wave of staroveriya was Anisim Vasilyevich shvetsov (Arseni ural'skiy, 1840-1908), to feather of whom belonged several ten historical, polemical and theological it was working. Shvetsov it drew to the literary creation of other authors: V.M.Karlovicha (3 volumes the "historical studies, the employees to justification for old believers"), I. G. Usov (together with which it organized the release of the gektografirovannykh publications in s. Waterless of Nizhniy-Novgorod province), the monk of the Nile ("brief legend from search to the vdovstvuyushchey multi-flight holy church without the bishops and about the persuasion in the true piety of metropolitan Amvrosiya of...").

The making more active of Austrians immediately caused countermeasures from the side of the representatives of bespopovtsev. The greatest reputation and wide acceptance obtained the directed against the Austrians compositions I. And. Zykova (1837-1913) ("brief examination and the determination of the essence of Austrian priesthood", "spiritual answers to the interrogative letter by the member of Moscow missionary brotherhood"). The same author several argued with the representatives of official church and bespopovtsami of other agreements ("rotting I. And. Zykova with father superior Pavel prusskiy about the faith "," the book is the sword of spiritual, posekayushchiy honorable bratchika of Yakov Ivanov Maximov").
Another representative of seacoast agreement D. In. Batov (1825-1910) is known by the fact that for its life he let out not less than 279 gektografirovannykh publications, whose large part comprised his compositions ("about pripisyakh on the image of Christ's crucifix", "view on brakoborstvo of bespopovtsev of 1666 ", "turning to netovtsam", "about the new testament", "Question- answers about the antichrist", "Historico- dogmatic textbook" , etc.).

L left after itself large creative heritage. F. Pichugin ("rotting with the missionaries Kupenovym and Artem'evym", "conversation syzrantsem about the antichrist", "netovshchina as the additional material of building of 1666 ", "creation about the heretical trekhpogruzhatel'nom [ baptism ] to netovtsa N. E. Is ball "and others).

Second-half XIX- beginning OF THE XX of substances became the time of self assertion of the old believers of basic agreements as the only carriers of old times. For this very reason appeared a large quantity of "genealogies", in which the authors attempted themselves to show the succession of spiritual relationship for one or other sense or another from the first old believers. An example of such historical compositions can be considered "genealogy of chapel agreement" monk nifonta (KON the xix century), "genealogy of the seacoast faith in the Urals and in Siberia" (1860- e yr.), the "genealogy of filippovskogo agreement" (KON the xix century), the "genealogy of the chapel of the Trans-Ural" of chernoriztsa Valentina (1870- e yr., augmented in 1910- X yr.), "historical descriptions of Ural staroobryadstva" of A. T. Kuznetsov (published in 1915 , but it existed also in the manuscript lists) , etc.

Necessary to speak about the formulation of the Old Faith manuscripts it is second. floor. XIX- beginning. THE XX of substances. At this time finally is formed the style, which conditionally can be defined as especially functional. The manuscripts in their majority have almost no adornments. Often bright cinnabar (red paint) used for writing of titles, headings and initials is substituted by the violet inks, or frequently entire manuscript is written in one color. In our view this process is connected with the fact that in Russia in it is second. floor. XIX- beginning. THE XX of substances. not it was large center knigopisaniya (with exception Of guslits, about which we will speak separately), but typists were nonprofessionals.

For the sake of fairness it is worthwhile to note that in some regions there was a local tradition of the formulation of the manuscripts. In the number of such small it is center it is possible to name Saratov (Volga Region), lower- -Irginsk (Cis-Ural). Lower Tagil (Urals), where worked masters, who were attempting themselves to preserve the elements of formulation Xvii-xviii of the substances: imitation to seacoast poluustavu, ornamentation , etc.
Separately one should stop at the facial manuscripts, created in Moscow and intended for the collectors of Russian old times. As the brightest example to this stylization (moreover the stylization of high class) can serve the "life of Zosims and Savati solovetskikh" (KON XIX- beginning. THE XX of substances).

Most known in Russia in second-half XIX- beginning OF THE XX of substances was knigopisnyy center in Guslitsakh (on the boundary of Moscow and Vladimir provinces), where they were occupied by correspondence and formulation of the musical (hook) manuscripts. The development of this trade in Guslitsakh began even at the end THE XVII century, in THE XVIII century of the book of "guslitskogo" letter they began to appear in sale in other regions, but only in the second-half THE XIX century the guslitskiye vocal manuscripts obtained the present acknowledgement on entire Russia.

In 1860- X yr. with the correspondence of the books in The guslitskom arrival dealt in essence the inhabitants Of beliva, Ponarina, Mistseva, Petrushina, Zapol'tsa, Zavol'noy and other settlements. Several outstanding clerks simultaneously worked in these years: the monk Of iliya, Larion and Ivan shitikovy, Kartashev, Kabanov. In 1880- X yr. the greatest reputation enjoyed brothers Fedot and Matvei grigor'evichi Batuliny, about creation of which even the experienced local residents spoke that "on the artistry, the beauty there is no letter, best books until this time and not it was". In spite of the significant price, which reached to 25-30 rub for the book, the guslitskiye manuscripts used great demand and they dispersed in country ten and with hundreds of copies.