The first positive results in the activity of old believers in the field of book publishing relate to the beginning itself THE XVIII century after the publication of several publications, whose quantity hardly exceeded ten for thirty and the more of years, their release interrupted and it was renewed only at the end the 60's of the xviii C. From this time Old Faith printing survives the period of explosion. Within the period not many more than 10 years, to the middle of the 80th yr., in the process of book publishing were included practically all printing houses, which worked in THE XVIII century on the Old Faith market. In of last fourth XVIII v. Old Faith printing acquired wide scales, the number of publications, produced by each printing house, was calculated by ten.
This period is defined as the first stage in the development of Old Faith printing. Its chronological framework - 1701 - 1822 by initiator and the organizer of book publishing during this period became Kaluga -starodubskoe Old Faith.
Tightest connections and interactions between the old believers of Kaluga and Starodub'ya, the geographical proximity of these regions made possible to combine them by the name Kaluga -starodubskogo of the center of Old Faith. This is especially justified in the case, when the discussion deals with the phenomenon, which arose because of the joint efforts of the old believers of the named regions. Kaluga old believers became the initiators of printing, and with formation and elevation Of starodub'ya as the largest center of Old Faith, the idea of this enterprise was perceived by starodubskimi old believers, also, under the new, more favorable conditions, on the wider economic base it was realized.
At the end OF THE XVII - beginning OF THE XVIII of the substances, when only continued the process of the storing of others Old Faith it was center (Vyg, Kerzhenets, To starodub'e, branch), Kaluga, according to M.I.Lileyeva, was already the "visible and strong raskol'nich'im center", whose basis composed not migrants, but local residents of edge. From the moment of the appearance of starodubskikh Old Faith settlements Kaluga old believers not only very were intimately connected with them, but also took active part in their population. Starodubskiye Old Faith settlements, in contrast to others large it is center, formed by old believer- migrants (Vyg, Kerzhenets, Irgiz), they were formed as the open civil settlings, but not monasteries, desert, monastery. This created the prerequisites, developed then with a whole series of the special features of existence of settlements, for producing such views of their inhabitants, who allowed inhabitants to solve the religious, ideological task, which stood before the Old Faith, the publication of their literature for strengthening and expanding the motion, on the purely commercial ways not only without disregarding the services of its old enemies of "latinyan", but even publishing the books and for them for the purpose of an increase in its own incomes.
To the number of special features of existence of the settlements, which influenced the formation of views Starodubtsev, should be carried the policy of Russian government, which was directed toward strengthening of the economic bases of the life of the starodubskikh average men, since precisely starodubskiye settlements were that bait, with the aid of which the government attempted to return its quick taxpayers. The development of the special features of the world view of starodubskikh old believers also influenced the arrangement Of starodub'ya not in the deaf isolated or outlying region, while on the cross-road of the active public life of East Europe. The important factor, which contributed to the transformation Of starodub'ya into the center of Old Faith printing, was its proximity to the places of traditional eastern Slavic printing.
Zabludov, jail, L'vov, Vil'no, connected with the names of Ivan Fedorov and Peter mstislavts, later vospreyemniki of their traditions - printing house of Kiev, Chernigov, Kuteyno, Mogileva - were not simple the centers of printing, but fights for the retention of orthodox culture on the Western-Russian earth were simultaneously centers.
The impossibility of organizing the printing in Russia forced Kaluga -starodubskix old believers to turn its look to the adjacent speech Pospolitoy, where was located these majority it was center and, where the publishing house was free from the state dictates. Constant trips of merchant- old believers to Poland, made possible for them well to be oriented in the internal political situation in the country, they created conditions for the adjusting of contacts and conclusion of a treaty on the publication of the books.