Special features of the organization of book publishing.


The leading center of the publishing house of popovtsev, which accepted relay race from Starodub'ya, became Rogozhskoye cemetery. Formally the initiator of the organization of printing was the Moscow bishop of belokrinitskoy hierarchy Antonius (Andrey larionovich shutov), actually by organizer became his secretary Anisim Vasilyevich shvetsov (subsequently bishop Arseni ural'skiy). The old believers of belokrinitskoy hierarchy in view of the historical special features of the formation of their agreement had durable, fixed contacts zarubezh'em; therefore together with the printing of the books in Russia they fixed it, also, after its limits, achieving this both via the orders of publications in the existed there particular printing houses, and by organizing our own.


Foreign printing houses.


By the first printing houses, where turned himself A. shvetsov were the printing house st. of the guchkovskogo in L'vov and Of m.Belousa into Kolomye. The role of the direct leader of idling was carried out monk Nikolai (Chernyshov), hiding himself by the name monk Nathaniel, indicated as the publisher on some books.
In L'vov in 1873 was printed the collection, into composition of which entered the following compositions: "meeting from the different books of piously- paternal writing about the addition finger to the cross sign", the "brief review of existence of the church of coreligionist" and the "answers to the questions, published by the brotherhood of Moscow Nicol coreligionist monastery" Sergey Lebedev's composition. In the opinion Of n. subbotin, above the composition of this collector worked A. shvetsov, and its bishop Antonius edited. Later, in 1984 in another L'vov printing house - the printing house Of the stavropigiyskeyeo institute, which governed I.F. Of pukhir, was printed the "Church Slavonic alphabet for the Old Faith schools", comprised Yepifaniyem Balanovichem. In Kolomye were printed the books: "cathedral act 1667 g." (1874), the "circumferential message" Of i.E.Kabanova (Ksenos) - 1876 (for the first time composition it was published by the author in Yassakh in Bermann's printing house in 1864).
In Kolomye were printed the first Old Faith periodic edition, the newspaper "old believer". By its editor he was monk Nikolai. The release of newspaper began into y8"8 g. at first of the matter dispatch well, but gradually it, apparently, ceased, to satisfy customers and, as he writes in his pamphlet" voice of wretched ", published in the issue of newspaper for 1 December of 1887, monk Nikolai," with The the myasnitskoy they threatened into Kolomyyu ". "threatened" by reduction financings. The newspaper left rarely during 1886, and toward the end of the year and completely ceased its release, that also forced editor to appear with the exposure of Moscow money-bags. In 1887 one additional issue of newspaper with the publication of response of Moscow left, after which it ceased to be let out. On the observation Of n.Subbotina, the reason for this was some conflict between Chernishev, Shutovym and Shvetsovym. In 1892 Of chernyshov it undertook the attempt to revive newspaper, now already by the name "ancient Russia". Its first number was directed, mainly, against the orthodox missionaries. The life of this newspaper was how a prolonged and to whose of means it was published unknown. Their orders belokrinitskiye placed also in other printing houses. In 1885 in Tul'che in the printing house, nazvanoy in output data "pechatnitsey it is romance." owner of which was B. silberman, was published the book Of "panopliya of the fathers of the Russian Orthodox Church, comprised by the brotherhood Of m[anuilovskogo ] Nicol Mohn, the member of s.p. By e[piskopom ] G[ennadiyem ]".
In Yassakh Of shvetsov published its compositions "truth of the staroobryadstvuyushchey hierarchy against the vozvodimykh to it charges" (1885), "justification for the staroobryadstvuyushchey holy Christ's church... of"(y88")," the indication to vseobderzhnosti of the dvuperstnogo addition in the ancient orthodox church and of errors against the holy gospel in the novoobryadstvuyushchey church "(1888)," the book about the antichrist and other actions izhe with it to byti wanting "(1888). On the title sheets of some books is indicated the printing house "b. n. P... k" ".
In Chernovtsakh in G. chopp's printing house they were published by the second (1883 g.) and the third (1886 g.) the volumes are of the "historical study, which uses to the justification for old believers", author of which was the sufficiently scandalous worker of the Old Faith OF THE XIX C. V. m. Karlowicz (first volume of the book is published in 1881 in Moscow into the type. Malyukova). There, in Chernovtsakh this book was republished in 1887. In 1894 Karlowicz published one additional his labor - "apology of Savati..." In the same 1894 in another chernovitskoy printing house, in the printing house of archbishop Sylvester Morarh- Andreevich's office, was printed Chasovnik training, sostavlennnyy By e. balanovichem.
However, the arrangement of publications only in the strange printing houses could not satisfy Shutova and Shvetsova, was necessary its sobstvenaya, in which they would be fully authoritative masters. And this printing house was created as long ago as 1875 in the Old Faith Nicol monastery in Manuilovke. "fraternal word" in 1886 N 5 V the "chronicles of events proceeding in the division" describes the history of the creation of printing house as follows. Immediately on the adoption of vows, monk Anastasiy (future bishop izmail'skiy) was determined bishop Antonius (Shutov) into his office in the instruction to A.Shvetsovu in order to subsequently make by his corrector in the printing house, which Antonius intended to bring beyond the limits of Russia. After the instruction of Anastasiy they sent abroad, after purchasing to him typographical machine tool and after supplying with the significant sum of money for the institution of printing house. But the matter in Anastasiy did not go and bishop Antonius was ordered to transmit typographical equipment into Manuilovskiy monanstyr'. Here under the management arkhimandrita Of isayi was organized tipipografiya. After the withdrawal Of isayi into Russia publishing house in the monastery it treated A.Shvetsov, which they helped o.Pafnutiy (future yep. Kazan') and coreligionist archpriest, who passed into staroveriye, Verkhovskiy. Especially activated this direction of its activity Of a.Shvetsov after death yep. Antonius (1881). After leaving into Manuilovku, it was located there up to 1883, and then returned to Russia, but also after this it continued yearly to drive into mononastyr', it were for a long time located there, took most direct part in book publishing. Shvetsov itself reached finished literature into Russia and was occupied by its propagation, in particular at The makar'evskoy fair through the benches of the merchants Bol'shakova and Vasil'yev.

One of the first (but it can be the first) by the publication, printed in The manuilovskeye monastery was Nomokanon with official, 1877. In 1883 appeared the prayer book, in 1884. - the seacoast answers, vstrechennye by sufficiently sharp criticism from the side of the apologists of orthodoxy. At the end of 1885 was published the book "zitumenos or penalty, to ashche dvuperstnoye addition to the image of cross" the seacoast writer Aleksey radionov. In the same 1885. A. shvetsov published his composition in defense of belokrinitskoy hierarchy by the name "truth of the staroobryadstvuyushchey hierarchy". The book left by large-quantity printing in 3000 ekz. It obtained the ambiguous estimation of the fellow believers of the author, with respect to this composition it was especially negative disposed yep. Kazan' Pafnut, who made his detailed selection.


Printing houses in Russia.


Besides foreign printing houses in the old believers of belokrinitskoy hierarchy was and secret printing houses inside the country. To their number belongs the printing house of Ivan Abramovich's Balakina. It existed in the beginning the 70's the xix century in the village Gusev Moscow province. Printing house was located in the underground of its own house Of balakina, where one printing press and iron press for preparing the lithographs was located. Were printed the books small by the volume, such as "regulations about the Christian life", "alphabet". To the institution of its matter Of balakin it worked in some of the Moscow printing house, where it mastered craft. The equipment of printing house was konfiskovano 1874 and, when in yr to Balakina newly bollard charge in the printing of the "uncensored" books, the police with the search anything could find. However, many "ustavchikov" and "alphabets", printed in the village Gusev were found in y8"shch g. in that dealt in Moscow in its benches of the peasant of the Vladimir of lips. Peter Vasilyevich prosvirnina.
Probably to the same agreement belonged another printer, Yefim Pavlovich piskunov. For the first time the name Of piskunova is mentioned in the police papers in 1851 he he passed on business together with the blind peasant as Dmitriy Fedorov, in xwho they found 6 Old Faith publications. In Piskunova, which lived then in the village Andreev Bronnitskogo district of Moscow province, revealed only the tools for the bindings.
For the second time the matter to it was brought 23 years of spustya.V May of 1874 the police conducted search in its house in the settlement Of abramovka, Bogorodskogo district, Moscow province. The equipment inventory, comprised during the search, attests to the fact that main place in the activity Of piskunova, as before, occupied the binding work. It simply did not interweave the book, but restored they, it gathered from the different it was sheet. Together with the books THE XIX century, in its work find the publications of beginning THE XVII century, XVIII., the manuscript. Squeakers it restored not only the books, brought by customers, but also itself acquired the second-hand, decrepit copies, brought they into order even it sold, or, apparently, it were occupied by the resale of contemporary to it Old Faith publications. Was wide the circle of its customers - these are not only the inhabitants of Moscow province, but also Cossack cossack villages of the Don, Kuban.
On the scales of publishing activity Piskunova was preserved little information. It worked, apparently, on one machine tool, publishing the small books by small print runs, being oriented toward the concrete customers. They were among its publications: Psalter, canons to Mother of God, to angel to keeper, to fathers and to martyrs, the vision Of makariya and Grigoriy. But also, it is probable, from the machine tool Of piskunova exile Svyattsy, alphabet, Skitskoye repentance and medical manual. Among the books, found Piskunova had the "pisannoye position about the old believers" and "it is unknown by whom the pisannaya note by inks also relative to old believers". It can be and they were prepared for print.
In the work Piskunovu helped its son Yevsey. He dealt with sale of the books. Among the buyers Of piskunovykh there was well-known bookseller s. T. High roads.